Abelard and Heloise The Legacy of Their Love

Abelard and Heloise are one of the most celebrated couples of all time, known for their love affair and for the tragedy that separated them. In a letter to Abelard, Heloise wrote: You know, beloved, as the whole world knows, how much I have lost in you, how at one wretched stroke of fortune that supreme act of flagrant treachery robbed me of my very self in robbing me of you; and how my sorrow for my loss is nothing compared with what I feel for the manner in which I lost you. Who Abelard and Heloise Were Peter Abelard (1079-1142) was a French philosopher, considered one of the greatest thinkers of the 12th century, though his teachings were controversial, and he was repeatedly charged with heresy. Among his works is Sic et Non, a list of 158 philosophical and theological questions. Heloise (1101-1164) was the niece and pride of Canon Fulbert. She was well-educated by her uncle in Paris. Abelard later writes in his autobiographical Historica Calamitatum: Her uncles love for her was equaled only by his desire that she should have the best education which he could possibly procure for her. Of no mean beauty, she stood out above all by reason of her abundant knowledge of letters. Abelard and Heloises Complicated Relationship Heloise was one of the most well-educated women of her time, as well as a great beauty. Wishing to become acquainted with Heloise, Abelard persuaded Fulbert to allow him to teach Heloise. Using the pretext that his own house was a handicap to his studies, Abelard moved into the house of Heloise and her uncle. Soon enough, despite their age difference, Abelard and Heloise became lovers. But when Fulbert discovered their love, he separated them. As Abelard would later write: Oh, how great was the uncles grief when he learned the truth, and how bitter was the sorrow of the lovers when we were forced to part! Their separation didnt end the affair, and they soon discovered Heloise was pregnant. She left her uncles house when he was not at home, and she stayed with Abelards sister until Astrolabe was born. Abelard asked for Fulberts forgiveness and permission to secretly marry Heloise, to protect his career. Fulbert agreed, but Abelard struggled to persuade Heloise to marry him under such conditions. In Chapter 7 of Historia Calamitatum, Abelard wrote: She, however, most violently disapproved of this, and for two chief reasons: the danger thereof, and the disgrace which it would bring upon me... What penalties, she said, would the world rightly demand of her if she should rob it of so shining a light! When she finally agreed to become Abelards wife, Heloise told him, Then there is no more left but this, that in our doom the sorrow yet to come shall be no less than the love we two have already known. In regard to that statement, Abelard later wrote, in his Historica, Nor in this, as now the whole world knows, did she lack the spirit of prophecy. Secretly married, the couple left Astrolabe with Abelards sister. When Heloise went to stay with the nuns at Argenteuil, her uncle and kinsmen believe Abelard had cast her off, forcing her to become a nun. Fulbert responded by ordering men to castrate him. Abelard wrote about the attack: Violently incensed, they laid a plot against me, and one night while I all unsuspecting was asleep in a secret room in my lodgings, they broke in with the help of one of my servants whom they had bribed. There they had vengeance on me with a most cruel and most shameful punishment, such as astounded the whole world; for they cut off those parts of my body with which I had done that which was the cause of their sorrow. The Legacy of Abelard and Heloise Following the castration, Abelard became a monk and persuaded Heloise to become a nun, which she didnt want to do. They began to correspond, leaving what is known as the four Personal Letters and the three Letters of Direction. The legacy of those letters remains a great topic of discussion among literary scholars. While the two wrote of their love for each other, their relationship was decidedly complicated. Furthermore, Heloise wrote of her dislike of marriage, going so far as to call it prostitution. Many academics refer to her writings as one of the earliest contributions to feminist philosophies. Source Abelard, Peter. Historia Calamitatum. Kindle Edition, Amazon Digital Services LLC, May 16, 2012.

The And Flow Of Ideas About God And Religion Throughout...

The ebb and flow of ideas about God and religion throughout the life of Marjane Satrapi, the author of the autobiographical novel Persepolis, is made very clear in her novel. As she is introduced to new thoughts and experiences, her ideas change. When her parents expose her to their communist ideas begins to value her relationship with god less. When things return back to normal she returns. It is not until a series of fairly traumatic events that she drifts completely away. Satrapi uses Illustrations of her and God as a metaphor for her current relationship with God. Later she uses her actions and words to depict this relationship. At the beginning of the book, Satrapi is very religious, but as she is gradually exposed to more and more western, secular, ideas, her relationship with God begins to disintegrate. This is apparent in how she depicts herself and God. In the beginning, Marjane begins by saying that she wanted to be a prophet and her relationship with God is good; She is in gods arms and they talk to each other. Satrapi uses this imagery as a metaphor for Marjane’s closeness with God. She begins to ignore god after she has started to read western, secular, ideas.(Satrapi 14) After that, God does not come to her. This is a new experience for her. In the beginning of the book, Marjane is told at school that the Shah was chosen by God, and she then relays this information to her dad (Satrapi 19). Until this point, no one has told her how the Shah was chosen. So,

Mindfulness Stress Reduction and Change In Health Related Behaviors

Questions: 1.Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and Change In Health Related Behaviors- Salmoirago-Blotcher et al? 2.What is the clinical significance of chest CT when the chest x-ray result is normal in patients with blunt trauma? - Kea et al? Answers: 1.The following write up contains my reflection of a published paper that I have read. This will involve reflecting on the research design adopted by the research article and my opinion on it appropriateness. I will also include either how the research would be expanded to take a more pragmatic post positivist appropriate or how the study design would have been improved. The research paper topic was mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and Change in Health Related behaviors. The paper was authored by Elena Salmoirago- Blotcher, Daniel Fischer, Matthew Hunsinger, James Carmody and Lucas Morgan. The research paper used was published in 2013 on Journal of Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative. The study aimed to investigate if mindfulness training is correlated by health behaviors. This study was inspired on how health behaviors can be used to address public health. The study outlines unhealthy behaviors to be poor diets, smoking, and physical inactivity. These unhealthy related behaviors contribute to health disorders such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity (Tielsch-Goddard and Ridner, 2016). Therefore, the study seeks to use mindfulness training to change health related behaviors to promote sustainable behavior change to solve the public health problem of chronic diseases. The Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and Change in Health Related Behavior study adopted explanatory research design. The study design was used in order to show casual relationship between mindfulness activities and health of an individual. The study design uses a mindfulness based stress reduction program to show and explain how change in health behaviors can lead to health public health improvement. The research involves the study of unhealthy behavior and their change to prevent chronic diseases. The explanatory research design used by the Authors of the study led to stating of the study hypothesis. The study hypothesizes that public health can be improved through change of health related behaviors. The study also hypothesis that mindfulness based stress reduction program can be used to change and promote sustainable healthy behaviors (Flannelly, Jankowski, 2014). Secondly, the explanatory research designs necessitated the use of qualitative data. The qualitative data is collected on individuals dietary behaviors, quality of sleep, drinking, physical activities, and smoking. The mindfulness program that individuals attend is conducted for seven weeks. The data on the health related behavior is collected on the beginning and end of the eighth week. The study used a population of 174 participates with 61% being female and 39male. The range of the population was 19-68. The data was collected by use of questionnaires and interviews. Lastly, the data for the explanatory research design was analyze by use of T-test data that was paired and chi-square was used to comparing pre-post intervention means. The study research design was appropriate to establishing a structure that was used to meet the study objective. The explanatory research design was appropriate for establishing the correlation of mindfulness and health of an individual. The Pragmatic past positivist approach to be incorporated in the design used in this study could be health check up in the beginning and at the end of the eighth week. This pragmatic measure would have collected data on the health of the participants at the beginning and improvement at the end. 2.I looked at descriptive statistics of What is the clinical significance of chest CT when the chest X-ray result is normal in patients with blunt trauma? article. The article was published on American Journal of Emergency Medicine. The study had an objective of investigating the portion of patients that have normal chest x-ray (CXR) injury and results seen on CT and abnormal initial CXR and no injury on CT and then characterizes the clinical significance of the injury. The CT was determined by the trauma experts. The study used 3639 participants where 2848(78.3%) had CXR and 791(21.7%) had both were CT and CXR done. Out of 589 individuals who chest CT test after undertaking CXR of which 82% (95% confidence interval, 78.7-84.9%) were normal Ct results while 18%(95% confidence interval, 15.1%-21%) had injuries. From the study of the descriptive statics of this article, I was able to understand the percentages used to interpret and analyze the data collected. The percentage used in the research refers to the distribution of the cases in the data. For instance 82% means the study found occurrence to variable having a mean of 82. This entails that out of a hundred sample of the population, the variable is present in 82 samples. The descriptive data also should a variability of the data. For instance 82% with variability of 78.7%-84.9% means that standard deviation of the distribution is between 78.7% and 84% for the data (Speroff and O?Connor, 2004). Lastly, I was able to understand the confidence interval applied in the study of 95%. It means that it true that the mean gotten in the research done are 95% correct and 5% not correct. From the weekly studies on basic interpretation of central tendencies and variability or spread, I have been able to acquire knowledge to understand, define, describe, identify, compare, and interpret descriptive statistic used in research papers. References Flannelly, K., Jankowski, K. (2014). Research Designs and Making Causal Inferences From Health Care Studies. Journal Of Health Care Chaplaincy, 20(1), 25-38. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2014.871909 Kea, B., Gamarallage, R., Vairamuthu,, H., Fortman, J., Lunney, K., Hendey, G., Rodriguez, R. (2013). What is the clinical significance of chest CT when the chest x-ray result is normal in patients with blunt trauma?. The American Journal Of Emergency Medicine, 31(8), 1268-1273. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.04.021 Salmoirago-Blotcher, E., Hunsinger, M., Morgan, L., Fischer, D., Carmody, J. (2013). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Change in Health-Related Behaviors. Journal Of Evidence-Based Complementary Alternative Medicine, 18(4), 243-247. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587213488600 Speroff, T., O?Connor, G. (2004). Study Designs for PDSA Quality Improvement Research. Quality Management In Health Care, 13(1), 17-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019514-200401000-00002 Tielsch-Goddard, A., Ridner, S. (2016). Critical Analysis of Interventional Research Designs to Promote Coping in Pediatric Patients. Journal Of Pediatric Health Care, 30(5), 424-434. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2015.10.